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Java Program Key Teams that You need to know before start study

Computer program is a set of instructions that you write to tell a computer what to do.

Hardware
is the general term for computer equipment
.

Software is the general term for computer programs.

Application software performs tasks for users.


System software manages the computer.

Logic behind any program involves executing the various statements and procedures in the correct order to produce the desired results.

Machine language is a circuitry-level language that represents a series of on and off switches.

Machine code is another term for machine language.

Low-level programming language is written to correspond closely to a computer processor’s circuitry.

High-level programming language
allows you to use an English-like vocabulary to write programs.

Syntax
refers to the rules that define the ways language elements are used together correctly to create usable statements.

Keywords
are the words that are part of a programming language.
Program statements are similar to English sentences; they carry out the tasks that programs perform.

Commands are program statements.

A compiler is a program that translates language statements into machine code; it translates an entire program at once before any part of the program can execute.

Interpreter is a program that translates language statements into machine code; it translates one statement at a time, allowing a program to execute partially.

Executing a statement or program means to carry it out.

At run time is a phrase that describes the period of time during which a program executes.

Syntax error is a programming error that occurs when you introduce typing errors into your program or use the programming language incorrectly; a program containing syntax errors cannot be translated into an executable program.

Debugging
a program is the process that frees it of all errors.

Bug
is a flaw or mistake in a computer program.

Logic error
is a programming bug that allows a source program to be translated to an executable program successfully, but that produces incorrect results.

Semantic errors
occur when you use a correct word in the wrong context in program code.

Procedural programming
is a style of programming in which sets of operations are executed one after another in sequence.

Variables
are named computer memory locations that hold values that might vary.

Procedures
are sets of operations performed by a computer program.

To call a procedure is to temporarily abandon the current logic so that the procedure’s commands can execute.


Writing object-oriented programs involves creating classes, creating objects from those classes, and creating applications that use those objects.

Computer simulations
are programs that attempt to mimic real-world activities so that their processes can be improved or so that users can better understand how the real-world processes operate.

Graphical user interfaces
, or GUIs (pronounced “gooeys”), allow users to interact with a program in a graphical environment.


A class is a group or collection of objects with common properties.

A class definition describes what attributes its objects will have and what those objects will be able to do.

Attributes are the characteristics that define an object as part of a class.

Properties are attributes of a class.

An object is an instance of a class.

An instance of a class is an object.

Instantiation is the process of creating an object.


The state of an object is the set of values for its attributes.


A method is a self-contained block of program code, similar to a procedure.

Encapsulation refers to the enclosure of data and methods within an object.

Inheritance is the ability to create classes that share the attributes and methods of existing classes, but with more specific features.

Polymorphism describes the feature of languages that allows the same word to be interpreted correctly in different situations based on the context.

Java
is an object-oriented language used both for general-purpose business applications and for interactive, World Wide Web-based Internet applications.

Architecturally neutral
describes the feature of Java that allows you to write programs that run on any platform (operating system).
The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a hypothetical (software-based) computer on which Java runs.

Source code consists of programming statements written in a high-level programming language.

jGRASP is a development environment and source code editor.

A development environment is a set of tools that help you write programs by providing such features as displaying a language’s keywords in color.

Bytecode
consists of programming statements that have been compiled into binary format.


The Java interpreter is a program that checks bytecode and communicates with the operating system, executing the bytecode instructions line by line within the Java Virtual Machine.

Write once, run anywhere” (WORA) is the slogan developed by SunMicrosystems to describe the ability of one Java program version to work correctly on multiple platforms.

Applets are Java programs that are embedded in a Web page.

Java applications are stand-alone Java programs.

Console applications support character or text output to a computer screen.

Windowed applications create a graphical user interface (GUI) with elements such as menus, toolbars, and dialog boxes.

A literal string is a series of characters that appear exactly as entered. Any literal string in Java appears between double quotation marks.

Arguments are information passed to a method so it can perform its task.

Passing arguments is the act of sending them to a method.
The standard output device is normally the monitor.

An identifier is a name of a program component such as a class, object, or variable.


Unicode is an international system of character representation.

Pascal casing
is a naming convention in which identifiers start with an uppercase letter and use an uppercase letter to start each new word.

Upper camel casing
is Pascal casing.

An access specifier defines the circumstances under which a class can be accessed and the other classes that have the right to use a class.


The class body is the set of data items and methods between the curly braces that follow the class header.

Whitespace is any combination of nonprinting characters, such as spaces, tabs, and carriage returns (blank lines).

The K & R style is the indent style in which the opening brace follows the header on the same line; it is named for Kernighan and Ritchie, who wrote the first book on the C programming language.

The Allman style is the indent style in which curly braces are aligned and each occupies its own line; it is named for Eric Allman, a programmer who popularized the style.

The keyword static means that a method is accessible and usable even though no objects of the class exist.

The keyword void, when used in a method header, indicates that the method does not return any value when it is called.

A compile-time error is one in which the compiler detects a violation of language syntax and is unable to translate the source code to machine code.

Parsing is the process the compiler uses to divide source code into meaningful portions for
analysis.



A clean build is created when you delete all previously compiled versions of a class before compiling again.


A run-time error occurs when a program compiles successfully but does not execute.

Program comments are nonexecuting statements that you add to a Java file for the purpose of documentation.

To comment out a statement is to turn it into a comment so the compiler will not execute itsnb command.

Line comments start with two forward slashes ( // ) and continue to the end of the current line. Line comments can appear on a line by themselves or at the end of a line following executable code.

Block comments start with a forward slash and an asterisk ( /* ) and end with an asterisk and a forward slash ( */ ). Block comments can appear on a line by themselves, on a line before executable code, or on a line after executable code. Block comments also can extend across as many lines as needed.

Javadoc comments are block comments that generate documentation. They begin with a forward slash and two asterisks  ( /** ) and end with an asterisk and a forward slash ( */ ).

Documentation comments are comments that automatically generate nicely formatted program documentation.

A dialog box is a GUI object resembling a window in which you can place messages you want to display.


An import statement accesses a built-in Java class that is contained in a package.

A package contains a group of built-in Java classes.

The Java API is the application programming interface, a collection of information about how to use every prewritten Java class.

FAQs are frequently asked questions.

The JDK is the Java Development Kit.

An SDK is a software development kit, or a set of tools useful to programmers.

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